Declining Educational Standards In Karachi Pakistan Education Essay

The cause of this probe was to place the chief grounds which decline the educational criterions at secondary degree in Karachi, Pakistan. The population of the survey was both â€Å" authorities and private † schools pupils and instructors. The positions of male and female pupils and instructors were sought out. Majority of the respondents had the position that the bing uneffective course of study and rating system are the chief grounds of worsening educational criterions at secondary degree in Karachi, Pakistan. Many of the respondents stated that imperfect disposal along with bad review system became its grounds. Short figure of respondent opinioned that improper wellness installations, deficiency of co-curricular activities and outmoded learning methods caused the sub standard instruction.IntroductionThe instruction is going one of the specifying endeavors of the twenty-first century with the outgrowth of globalisation and increasing planetary competition. Pakistan is deter mined to react positively to emerging demands, chances and challenges of globalisation. Education is being considered a cardinal to alter and come on. Advancement and prosperity of the state depends on the sort of instruction that is provided to the people. This survey was designed to explicate and foreground the criterions of instruction at secondary degree in Karachi. Educational criterions present standards by which judgements can be made by province and local school forces and communities, assisting them to make up one's mind which course of study, Torahs of disposal, wellness plan, staff development activity and assessment plan is appropriate. Educational criterions promote policies that will convey coordination, consistence, and coherency to the betterment of the procedure of instruction. They allow everyone to travel in the same way, with the confidence that the hazards they take in the name of bettering instruction will be supported by policies and patterns throughout the sy stem. Performance criterions describe what degree of public presentation is good plenty for pupils to be described as advanced, proficient, below basic, or by some other public presentation degree. Normally educational criterion stands for quality of instruction. Quality has been the end of an ageless pursuit through the corridors of human history. It has been the divining force of all human enterprises. Educational criterions of Pakistan have been a burning issue among the educationists since independency. Every member of the society has its ain positions concern the educational criterions in Pakistan. Although, every authorities tried its best to raise the criterions of instruction but their attempts were chiefly limited to fixing merely educational policies in documents. We could non happen practical execution of their recommendations sing criterions of instruction in Pakistan. In the more huge sense a criterion is any thing used to mensurate, for illustration a criterion of behavior, a criterion of weight or length. Actually a criterion is a thing which has been used as a theoretical account to which objects or actions may be compared. The criterion of instruction is define d in Encyclopedia of Education ( 1985 ) in the undermentioned sense:â€Å" In the instruction context, so, criterions should be regarded as aims to be achieved or outlooks of desirable attitude or degrees of public presentation † .[ 1 ]Research Questions:Why the Karachi Secondary instruction declined? What the grounds behind the worsening criterion of secondary instruction in Karachi? What are the solution which can raise the criterion of secondary instruction in Karachi?Aims of the survey( I ) To specify the existent significance of educational criterions. ( two ) To analyse the positions and sentiment of pupils and instructors about-the chief grounds of worsening educational criterions at secondary degree in Karachi. ( three ) To give suggestions and recommendation for bettering the educational criterions at secondary degree.Methodology:This survey depended on quantitative Secondary research, we analysing the information which is already available in records. The intent is to determine the overall public presentation of the authorities and private secondary schools sing standard instruction provided by them.Consequences:The collected information was converted into tabular arraies. Findingss and decisions were drawn in the visible radiation of these tabular arraies by the research workers. Table 1. The thoughts and positions of authorities secondary schools male and female pupils sing the chief grounds of worsening educational criterions at secondary degree in Karachi[ 2 ].S.NoDescriptionMale( Agree ) ( % )Male( Disagree ) ( % )Female( Agree ) ( % )Female( Disagree ) ( % )1 Defective disposal 70 30 90 10 2 Inflexible course of study 80 20 80 20 3 Ineffective rating system 65 35 60 40 4 Imperfect review system 70 30 55 45 5 Improper wellness installations 45 55 55 45 6 Lack of co-curricular activities 55 45 45 55 7 Outdated instruction methods 95 05 90 10 8 Inaccessibility of scholarships 45 55 30 70 Table 2[ 3 ]. Private secondary schools studentaˆYs positions about the causes of low standard instruction at secondary degree in Karachi were highlighted.S.NoDescriptionMale( Agree ) ( % )Male( Disagree ) ( % )Female( Agree ) ( % )Female( Disagree ) ( % )1 Defective disposal 60 40 70 30 2 Inflexible course of study 65 35 85 15 3 Ineffective rating system 75 25 70 30 4 Imperfect review system 65 35 90 10 5 Improper wellness installations 40 60 50 50 6 Lack of co-curricular activities 30 70 45 55 7 Outdated instruction methods 95 05 95 05 8 Inaccessibility of scholarships 45 55 35 65 Table 3.[ 4 ]The positions of instructors belonging to authorities secondary schools about the chief grounds of worsening criterion of instruction at secondary degree in Karachi are stated.S.NoDescriptionMale( Agree ) ( % )Male( Disagree ) ( % )Female( Agree ) ( % )Female( Disagree ) ( % )1 Defective disposal 60 40 40 60 2 Inflexible course of study 80 20 80 20 3 Ineffective rating system 60 40 40 60 4 Imperfect review system 80 20 60 40 5 Improper wellness installations 40 60 60 40 6 Lack of co-curricular activities 40 60 40 60 7 Outdated instruction methods 60 40 60 40 8 Inaccessibility of scholarships 40 60 20 80The Role and Appointment of TeachersThe quality of instructors, which is a cardinal factor in any instruction system, is hapless in Pakistan. The chief ground is the low degree of educational makings required to go a primary school instructor ; which includes ten old ages of schooling and an eleven-month certification plan. It has been established through assorted surveies that pupil accomplishment is closely related to the figure of old ages of formal schooling of instructors. Therefore, pupils of instructors with 12 old ages of schooling perform better than pupils of matriculate ( 10 old ages instruction ) instructors, who in bend perform better than pupils of instructors with merely grade eightqualifications. The 2nd factor relates to the quality of instructor enfranchisement plans, which suffersfrom the deficiency of adequately trained maestro trainers, small accent on learning pattern and non-existence of a proper support/monitoring system for instructors. In the absence of an y commissioned organic structure to attest instructors, the mere acquisition of a certificate/diploma is considered sufficient to use for a teaching place. In add-on, teacher assignment in schools is capable to interference from local involvement groups seeking to topographic point instructors of their pick within their constituency. This has opened the system to graft and lease seeking taking to high degrees of instructor absenteeism accentuated by the absence of an effectual supervising system. The assignment of instructors particularly in primary schools is capable to the political influence or paying immense money.Training for Government Teachers[ 5 ]The disposal of teacher preparation in Pakistan is a provincial duty. However, the course of study wing at the federal degree is besides responsible for teacher instruction institutions.Government primary school instructors are trained through Government Colleges for Elementary Teachers ( GCETs ) , the distance instruction plan of t he Allama Iqbal Open University ( AIOU ) , and teacher preparation classs run in secondary schools known as Normal Schools or PTC units. Alumnuss of these establishments are taught a similar course of study, and receive the Primary Teaching Certificate ( PTC ) or Certificate in Teaching ( CT ) at the terminal of one twelvemonth. Generally, the figure of appliers is far greater than the figure of topographic points available. There is besides an acute deficit of instructor preparation installations, peculiarly for female instructors in certain parts and particularly in the state of Balochistan.Private School TeachersThe quality of instruction imparted by the bulk of private schools is questionable owing to an acute famine of decently trained and qualified instructors, and any sort of support mechanism for these instructors. Except for big school systems like Beaconhouse, City, Lahore Grammar, and others, which constitute a little per centum of the bing private schools the bulk of oth ers have appointed instructors who are qualified up to intercede ( 12 old ages of schooling ) or BA degree ( 14 old ages of instruction ) , and are paid much lower wages compared to their opposite numbers in the authorities sector in add-on to no occupation security. The big schools and school systems have instituted their ain instructor preparation plans or entree specialised private establishments. There is less disposition in these schools to engaging instructors who have antecedently been trained by authorities establishments and hold grades in B. Ed or M. Ed ; their penchant is for those fluid in English linguistic communication. Therefore, really few instructors hired by the private schools have had any pre-service preparation. Thereis a felt demand to heighten the professional accomplishments of those who are presently working through assorted inset plans.DiscussionEducation is a powerful tool and cardinal force in the life of adult male. Deepak ( 2006 ) stated that instructi on plays an instructional function in determining the fate of the person and the hereafter of world. SEAMEO-Jasper Research Award ( 2009 ) further clears that instruction provides chances to get cognition and competences to work in a planetary environment. The end of constructing a cohesive, just and harmonious community, bound together in solidarity for deeper apprehension and cooperation, presents new challenges for bookmans and instruction practicians in geting new constructs and advanced theoretical accounts for effectual instruction and acquisition. The criterion of instruction is direct effect and result of the quality of instructors and learning methods used by them. Society believes that competent, effectual instructors are of import keys to a strong system of instruction. Consequently, instructors are expected to be adept in the usage of instructional engineerings and category room direction techniques. They are besides expected to hold a thorough apprehension of the develo pmental degrees of their pupils and a societal group of the content they teach. To keep and widen this high degree of accomplishments, instructors are expected to be informed of model patterns and to show a devise for professional development. Teacher competence and effectivity includes the duty to assist all scholars win. Sing criterions Seth ( 1970 ) stated that we have provided more and more money to more and more of that we may be making ill. We hope that we could make it better. Educationists of international differentiation have suggested that it will be possible merely by developing suited course of study and using educational engineerings to do the course of study more effectual and the school more efficient. Jalala ( 2004 ) said that on the footing of wide aims, course of study planning should be done and suited capable content, behavioural results and other acquisition experiences be put in for doing curriculum comprehensive. It should be based on the findings of course of study research and be enriched by interdisciplinary coaction among experts on different topics. All this would lend to the design of a entire school course of study that is complementary every bit good as comprehensive. In Pakistan quality instruction has marked a clear line of favoritism on fiscal evidences, and more well, it is beyond the range of many pupils. Muhammad ( 2009 ) declared that the saddening and deteriorating status of educational system in the state raises many fingers on instruction section, whose representatives, so confidently, sing vocals of success in every of their visual aspect. There is no answerability of the typical landlord civilization, which is traveling on in bulk of the countryaˆYs establishments. If authorities purposes to make the sky of standard instruction and to supply it at doorsill of every Pakistani, it should maintain its eyes unfastened, as the written records and work in advancement in the edifices named schools, are non in any convinc ing or absorbing place. Particularly for the betterment of criterion at secondary degree instruction sufficient stairss should be taken, because secondary instruction is linking nexus between primary and high instruction as Srivastara ( 2005 ) stated that secondary instruction is frequently considered as the most of import section of the single acquisition. Harmonizing to Water and McFadden ( 2003 ) secondary school is a topographic point where much complex interaction takes topographic point that has a important impact on the individuality formation of immature people and the consequent success in big life. Education is the basic right of every person in the society but unluckily, educational criterions in Pakistan are worsening fastly. One of the most of import factors in criterions of instruction is good rating system. Evaluation plays a great function in the accomplishments and acquisition of single. Particularly it can be helpful for instructors to analyse as Lal ( 2005 ) stated that rating help the instructors to better his schoolroom processs and methods of learning in the visible radiation of provender back. Unfortunately in Pakistan imperfect rating system besides devalue the criterions of instruction in schools.Recommendation( I ) The course of study of secondary degree should be improved harmonizing to the demands of clip and wants of the society. ( two ) Introduce high quality choice process for secondary degree instructors and offer the campaigners better inducements. ( three ) The disposal of school should be effectual and efficient. It should maintain democratic attack. ( four ) The rating system at secondary degree should be organized and modern techniques must be used to measure the abilities of a kid. ( V ) There should non be political intervention in educational establishments. ( six ) All secondary authorities and private schools should be allocated with proper wellness installations ( neat and clean and harmonizing to the wellness rules nutrient and handiness of physician or a nurse in the schools ) . ( seven ) The lone trained instructors should be appointed in schools. ( eight ) The secondary school instructors should utilize modern learning methods harmonizing to the age and psychological demands of pupils. ( nine ) There should be chances provided to the pupils for take parting in different co-curricular activities. ( ten ) The procedure of review should be done in proper and democratic manner and the construct of favours should be out of this procedure. ( eleven ) The scholarships should be provided to meriting and intelligent pupils at secondary degree in schools. ( twelve ) Various squads of experts should be involved in executing the above mentioned undertaking of betterment and formation.DecisionAfter analysing the consequences it can be easy concluded that uneffective disposal, non flexible course of study and outdated learning methods used by instructors are the chief grounds of worsening educational criterions at secondary degree. We may state that to some extent the imperfect rating system and bad review involved in this impairment. Improper wellness installations, political intervention, missing of co-curricular activities, non handiness of scholarships are besides some of the factors which destroy criterions of instruction at secondary degree in Karachi.REFFERNCESSpaulding S ( 1970 ) . The record is so impressive, UNESCO Department Publications. Jalala KC ( 2004 ) . Rao Digmarti, Methods of Teaching Educational Technology, Discovery Publishing House. Tiwari D ( 2006 ) . Methods of Teaching Education, Crescent Publishing Corporation. International Encyclopedia of Education, Ref. LB 1569, 1985, 10 Volumes. SEAMEO-Jasper Research Award ( 2009 ) . Annual Report. Subject: â€Å" TeachersaˆY Professional Development in Southeast Asia † . Jalalzai MK ( 2005 ) . The Crisis of Education in Pakistan, State Policies and Textbooks, Al-Abbas international Publications Lahore. Mukhopadhyay M ( 2005 ) . Entire Quality Management in Education, Sage-Publications. JavaScript ( narrative print ) ( 2004 ) . Published on 21st September, Available at World Wide Web. Edweek. Org/rc/issues/standards. Accessed 05 -08-2009. Aslam P ( 2005 ) . Policies and Policy Formation, National Foundation, Lahore. Srivastara DS ( 2005 ) Secondary Education, Mehra Offset Press. Lal JP ( 2005 ) Educational Measurement and Evaluation, Anmol Publications PVT LTD.

Godiva Chocolates Essay

A family by the name of the Draps began creating these amazing, little chocolates in Brussels, Belgium in 1926. Pierre Draps, in particular, was the man behind the chocolate. He started selling his chocolates to local shops to get business going. After World War II, Pierre’s son, Joseph, took control of the business. Joseph wanted to open a store of his own and asked his wife for insight on a name. His wife recommended the name â€Å"Godiva,† after the Lady Godiva who was famous for protesting high taxes by riding her horse nude through Coventry, England. After the opening of Godiva in the Brussels’ Grande Place, the Draps family realized that it was a huge success. With that being said, it was decided to expand the business, and more stores were opened throughout Belgium. Joseph’s idea was to have his company be a â€Å"premium chocolate company. † He wanted to use the most classy and elegant advertisement, as well as packaging. The family strived to have smooth, rich, and delicious chocolate. They decided they would only use the finest of ingredients, found throughout the world, to ensure the best tasting chocolate. At first, Godiva started off with a rich chocolate shell, filled with basic â€Å"ganache,† which is rich chocolate fudge, or a hazelnut praline filling. As time went on, the Draps began to create many more flavors and textured chocolates. The most famous chocolate creation was the Comtesse. This chocolate was made particularly to rejoice the Lady Godiva. It consisted of a creamy chocolate center with either a milk or dark chocolate outer layer. After the Comtesse came the Autant. The Autant was a chocolate leaf shaped milk chocolate that was hand-decorated and filled with a coffee-chocolate cream. This chocolate was made to honor the opening of the production â€Å"Gone With the Wind†, in 1939. There were several other chocolates designed and created to recognize a certain date or event; the Fabiola was a chocolate that was created in 1958 for the engagement of Queen Fabiola and King Baudouin I, the Golf Ball was a chocolate created to recognize Belgium’s King Leopold III passion for golf. In 1958, the Godiva company expanded to Paris and then to the United States. While expanding, the company also decided to invest with Pepperidge Farm and Campbell Soup. In 1972, Godiva finally opened its first store in the United States. The store was located in a high end part of New York City. Being a company that focuses on elegance and perfection, Godiva displayed its products as if they were diamonds, shining in their cases. Creation of New Products In the early 1990’s, the chocolatiers realized that they needed to keep up with the latest trends. Godiva introduced the Cafe Godiva portion of their company in 1993. The Cafe Godiva brought a variety of coffees, chocolate liquors, cocoa mixes, single serving pastries, and also cookies. With this new product line, Godiva saw a huge increase in their sales. Though Godiva is a European chocolate company, it was understood that Americans enjoy sweeter chocolate than most Europeans. Europeans typically eat a richer chocolate that is not very sweet at all, but actually considered â€Å"intense. † Godiva realized that tastes change over time. Currently, Godiva is adjusting its product line and are incorporating more European-like chocolates. Godiva is also changing most of its chocolates and candies. Instead of the outer shell being thick, Godiva is thinking about thinning the outside. The Chocolate Making Process The making of the delicious Belgium chocolates begins with the cocoa bean. After the beans are harvested, they are dried and carefully inspected for good quality. The beans the Godiva uses are considered to be the best of all the cocoa beans. They are shelled to expose cocoa nibs, which are then baked to release their intense aroma. After the beans are ready, the next step is to create the cocoa liquor. The chocolate liquor is the most important part of the chocolate making process, after all, that is where the chocolate gets its entire flavor. The liquor is created by grinding the nibs to a point when liquid begins to evolve. The liquid is extremely fine and consists of cocoa butter and cocoa particles. When creating the fillings, Godiva refuses to use any preservatives and artificial flavorings. Separating them from other chocolate companies, Godiva uses Grade A dairy butter and heavy cream to create their creamy and delicious fillings. Godiva is well known for its beautiful and unique shaped and designed chocolates. This was intentional; Godiva wants their products to be recognized when they are seen. Their shapes, molds, and designs represent everything there is to fine chocolate. The â€Å"Look† of Godiva In the initial openings of Godiva stores, the stores were designed to look similar to a jewelry store. There were pink marble counter tops with black lacquer, representing a very clean and classy look to them. In 1994, the company decided to take a risk and redesign the stores. The new stores would consist of bleached wooden floors, creamy white counter tops, and cherry wood cabinets. This new design was created to show a more welcoming and cozy feel to customers. As the new design was taking place, Godiva changed their set-up of their display. There were new single serving chocolates put out for the customer to browse at, as well as their prices. Instead of having their store look appealing to only the â€Å"wealthy† population, the store was recognized but all chocolate lovers. Thought Godiva changed the look of the interior of the store, their â€Å"perfect chocolate† image still remained. The expressed their image through creative advertisement and packaging. The advertisement campaign that Godiva uses is called â€Å"silhouettes. † Their chocolates are packaged in a way that looks appealing to the eye, using warm colors for all their packing. The packing consists of an assortment of golden boxes, ribbon, silk flowers, collectors’ tins, and colorful wrapping paper. Today, their famous assortment is known as the Gold Ballotin. This assortment is available in seven different sizes, and is used for all occasions and events. The Ballotin is a gold box with the Godiva logo located on the top of it, followed by a gold silk ribbon wrapped around it. Godiva named their assortment the â€Å"ballotin,† after the French word â€Å"ballot. † The world in French meant small package of goods for sale. Godiva Today Godiva has continued to expand their company worldwide. In 2009 Godiva began opening stores in Malaysia, Singapore, and even Taiwan. More recently, Godiva opened its first store in Turkey in September of 2010. The most recent event and accomplishment for Godiva is the opening of a Cafe Godiva in one of London’s well respected stores, Harrod’s Department Store. Today the Godiva name and brand is well known, respected, and loved in over 80 countries. Godiva now owns and runs more than 450 stores around the world. At all the stores, you are able to find an extensive selection of chocolates and products. With that being said, Godiva is able to suit anyone’s needs and give you the best of Belgium, all the way from New York to Taiwan.

The Six General Skills All Project Team Members Should Have Essay

The Six General Skills All Project Team Members Should Have - Essay Example The major elements of agile development are related to its development approaches that are extreme programming, Scrum and dynamic systems development method. The projects are simple and iterative. Projects cycles are small and the teams tend to be adaptive to the business environment. With unclear user requirements and short time duration, agile development is good, however, with complexity, unfamiliar technology, and schedule visibility, agile development is bad.  The major elements of agile development are related to its development approaches that are extreme programming, Scrum and dynamic systems development method. The projects are simple and iterative. Projects cycles are small and the teams tend to be adaptive to the business environment. With unclear user requirements and short time duration, agile development is good, however, with complexity, unfamiliar technology, and schedule visibility, agile development is bad.  8. What are the six key factors in selecting a methodo logy? 9. Create a list of potential risks that could affect the outcome of a project.†¢ Weak personnel†¢ Scope Creep†¢ Poor design†¢ Overly optimistic estimates†¢ The absence of right technical skills†¢ High learning curve causing performance to slow down†¢ Failure to monitor the schedule†¢ Failure to update the schedule†¢ Adding people to a late projectCHAPTER 38. What is the value of producing a requirements definition and having the project sponsor and key users review and approve it?A requirements definition is valuable because it highlights the business requirements, user requirements, functional and nonfunctional requirements and system requirements, all of which are crucial for the project. The project sponsor is very crucial as it participates in decision making regarding the time period, cost and functionality for SDLC and change of project goals. Key user reviews and their approval are valuable as user participation is essential for th e progress of the project along with its successful implementation.  

APPLYING ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES TO EDUCATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

APPLYING ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES TO EDUCATION - Essay Example This principle amounts to greater competition in the market place. To effectively compete with each other, organizations will be forced to improve the quality of the products or services that they offer in order to give better value to their customers. This will also be advantageous to the consumers because some companies tend to lower their prices to increase their market share. In a free market economy, people â€Å"vote† through their purchases of goods and services. Those getting the most â€Å"votes† are the ones that offer the best value for the people’s money. With support coming from the consumers, these firms have the dollar power to further improve on the quality of their products and services. Those firms who fail to attract enough customers/buyers are those who do not provide a good value. If they do not shape up, these organizations will eventually go by the wayside. 2. Are there other public functions that might benefit from more competition, includ ing competition from private firms? Yes, there are other public functions that might benefit from more competition, including competition from private firms. These organizations would include those in the area of health care (hospitals, day-care facilities & retirement homes), low-cost housing, transportation, telecommunications, and infrastructure.

The hybrid cars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The hybrid cars - Essay Example The automobile emissions are one primary source of green house gases. The crux of all these facts consolidates around the words ‘cars’ and ‘pollution’. Just changing the type of cars we drive can make a significant contribution towards assuring a greener and healthier environment (Anderson & Anderson 14). The future is hybrid! Hybrid cars are the vehicles that rely on two or more disparate sources of energy to run (Mitchell, Borroni-Bird & Burns 22). Mostly the term hybrid cars are also considered synonymous with the Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) contains both an internal combustion engine that is run by gasoline as well as an alternate source of energy that is an electric battery. As per one’s requirements and traffic conditions, the driver can chose as to run a hybrid car on gasoline or on electricity. In addition, the dual mode cars that run on a mixture of fuels like gasoline and ethanol are also considered hybri d. Hybrid cars bring in an element of choice into the overall driving experience. They allow a driver to opt for cleaner and greener modes of driving. Low fuel consumption and reduced emissions are the factors that set hybrid cars apart from other vehicles (Westbrook 17).

Ethical Issues of the Fundamental Differences in Values between Essay

Ethical Issues of the Fundamental Differences in Values between Clinicians and Families - Essay Example One of the problems in Ayeesa’s case is the language barrier, as a result, she is unable to communicate her wishes autonomously. However, an earlier offer to admit her to the local hospice for the control of her symptoms was declined. Similarly, she has also seemed reluctant to see the Macmillan nurse, as well as to undertake chemotherapy. This appears to indicate that the patient is reluctant to continue treatment, since the first surgery and chemotherapy, albeit successful has resulted in a relapse and second-line chemotherapy has also provided only temporary relief. However, her daughter is insistent that chemotherapy is continued for her mother, using a new drug. This raises ethical issues of the fundamental differences in values between clinicians and families. Trough (2007) points out the clinicians may justify withdrawal of treatment despite the requests of family members on the basis of (a) the inevitability of a prolonged death with unnecessary suffering for the patient and (b) the concern about excessive expense and (c) the moral distress associated with provision of futile care. These reasons may supersede the requests by the family to continue treatment in Ayeesa’s case as well, especially since she appears to show a reluctance to receive further treatment. Another aspect to consider is Ayeesa’s apparent refusal of treatment as opposed to her daughter’s request for it to continue. Winter and Cohen (1999) point out that advance refusal of treatment is becoming less effective in modern situations because they are required to be precisely worded and have not kept pace with the advances in medical technology. Therefore, an alternative approach that is being developed is valued history, wherein the patient’s values are recorded as the basis for making decisions on medical treatment, because they enable an identification of the patient’s core values and beliefs which are important to the patient, in so far as terminal care is concerned.  

A comparison of the UK housing market with the Bulgarian housing Essay

A comparison of the UK housing market with the Bulgarian housing market - Essay Example Irrespective of the developed, developing or under developed countries, people usually have the habit of taking loans for purchasing or constructing a house. The difficulties in getting loans have prevented people across the world to think about purchasing a home at present and the real estate business people were forced to reduce their activities because of the less demand for buildings. Even though the latter half of 2009 and the beginning of 2010 have shown some sign of a revival, many people are still hesitant in spending much on the housing market. UK and Bulgaria are two European countries in which lot of construction activities were going on earlier. But the global recession has badly affected these countries and the construction sector and the housing market are going through a bad patch. UK is one of the strong and developed countries in the world whereas Bulgaria is economically poor compared to UK. Both the countries have democratic administration at present though the head of UK is the monarch at least on paper. Bulgaria was under communist regime earlier. Stevenson (2010) has reported that the economy is emerging out from recession and grew slightly in the fourth quarter of last year in UK. Moreover, industrial production also increased in last November more than expected (Stevenson, 2010). As per the article Best Bulgarian Real Estate – Your Trust Worthy Bulgarian Real Estate Partner (2008), the Bulgarian property market is the current investment hotspot and offers countless opportunities to any open-minded investor. A recently released report by the European Bank for Development and Reconstruction, property prices in Bulgaria have increased by 145% in the last three years. Moreover the value of the Bulgarian properties has risen 5 times after the country joined the European Union in 2007 (Bulgarian Real Estate

Emerging ClassroomTechnology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emerging ClassroomTechnology - Research Paper Example One clear and concise field this has been exhibited is in the education sector where digitalization has been seen taking over the previously existing means of offering learning services in school settings. Some levels of instructions like the higher education may be slightly ahead of the others (elementary, secondary and high schools) in instilling and embracing such technology. The use of tablets in the classroom setting can be a critical and efficient technique as students pursue education. Owing to the fact that the tablets are portable, have an extensive display and easier input of data, these appliances are absolutely what people will have to look out for in the next five years especially in the high schools, targeting the adventurous teenagers (Rouse Margaret, July 2014). In the medicine-related subjects like Biology, students can conduct studies on bones just by zooming in and out the input high-quality images unlike taking a whole high school class for an unnecessary trip to a medical school. In the case of an educational field trip, the students can take pictures of some of the principal physical sources of information they would not want to forget. They can later view these images of high quality anywhere and anytime without necessarily having to travel back to the fields. The high school students too will enjoy live recording of the lectures in the next five years lest this technology is implemented. The students can watch some of the captured important steps a lecturer may be explaining, for instance, in a chemistry practical class where steps are important for scoring marks. Repeatedly watching these video clips can be more enjoyable and an easy to remember method of ideas. The tablet can also be useful when it comes to storage of books. It has enough storage space that can store a large number of written and published books alike within just an A4

Conflict Management neogotiation strategies slp 4 Essay

Conflict Management neogotiation strategies slp 4 - Essay Example Following this the employees are required to face the customers at the counters. There are a total of seven counters of which generally two counters are open during a normal day. On days of high volumes, the other counters are also opened and the employees working at the back end sorting the letter need to take control of the counters. The issue faced here is that there are no clear shifts that are provided to the employees and the duties of who need to be at the counters are not fixed by the management. Due to this, the employees face a huge conflict among themselves. There is a higher demand for the number of people at the back end working on sorting of the mails however the people willing to work in the section are low and this causes an imbalance and issue at the organization very often. The parties involved here are the team leaders versus the employees. The negotiation was done where the managers came to a final timetable of the work of the employees and decided the division of work which is required to be followed on a daily basis. I am on the side of the manager and it was the decision of the manager to discuss with the team leader and plan out a clear cut decision of the timetable for each employee on a daily basis. Before the negotiation Took place, the team leader, manager have held meetings to discuss the cases of the employees and to gain a complete details of the employees. These fell under the pre negotiation steps, based on which the timetables were formulated and the required strategy and preparation have been made. The only emotional reaction for the negotiating table was of an individual with a serious injury and disability. This individual found it difficult to work on the stocks and customer facing. Hence there was an exception made for the case and the rest of the employees were provided with a set timetable. These proposals were

Back Belts Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Back Belts - Article Example The cause of back injury has not been attributed to any specific wrong doing by a worker. One of the main possibilities can be assumed to be lack of proper safety method such as wearing a back belt or any such support. Manufacturer’s claim: ITA-MED Co, 310 Littlefield Ave, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA, one of the A manufacturers of back belts and supports claims, their products will reduce pressure, strain and pain in the lower back in addition to help the users adopt easy posture when handling heavy loads and escape injuries. They assure products of higher quality, with more comfort, better look and longer durability based on unique, versatile designs. Their motto is â€Å"Stay healthy with Back Supports from ITA-MED† (Back and Abdominal Supports, 2009). NIOSH Views: NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) is one of the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) within the Dept of Health and Human Services. It was formed to bear the resp onsibility for conducting research and proposing improved measures to prevent injuries and illness related to work. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-127. (Back Belts: Do They Prevent Injury?, 1994). In 1994, the NIOSH released a report called DHHS, 1994, a review of the published scientific literature.

Essay Example for Free

Essay The song â€Å"Imagine† was written by John Lennon in 1971. John Lennon was a former guitarist in the legendary band, The Beatles. He then came out with his own song that soon became one of the most famous tunes in all of history. The song was written to give the world a more hopeful perspective during a troublesome time instigating a revolution of anti-war movements. The song â€Å"Imagine† was written by John Lennon in 1971 to persuade the audience to imagine a world of peace during a time when the world was filled with war. During the year of 1971, the world was dealing with a great deal of war and violence. This was the time of the Vietnam War, the Cold War between the United States and the USSR, the Ind-Pakistani War creating a dark time in Pakistan during 1971, as well as a war ending in South Asia followed by the establishment of the Sovereign Nations in Bangladesh. During all of these troubles, the world was also filled with a great deal of racial discrimination. Although most of the world was involved in wars and strife, John Lennon decides to write an uplifting song that creates a setting without the struggles of man that lead to violence and giving a whole new perspective to the people that needed it. The song â€Å"Imagine† asks the listener to imagine a world of peace. The main argument this song represents is that if we can picture a world without any reason for violence then maybe we can begin achieve it. John Lennon implies protest with his song by asking the listener to picture a world without religion, possessions, countries, or any other reason for violence. â€Å"Imagine theres no countries, it isnt hard to do. Nothing to kill or die for and no religion, too. Imagine all the people living life in peace.† This part of the song implies protest by asking the audience to imagine a world living as one, without countries or religion to cause any racial discrimination. A slow rhythm made by a piano introduces the song with a soothing tone. The lyrics ask you to imagine a world with no heaven or hell and then to imagine all the people living for today. The music transitions to a more upbeat  tone by introducing drums after this verse in the song. There is also a repetition with the piano beats and the lyrics. When the lyrics asks the audience to imagine something, the piano beat repeats to the slow, soft tempo that was in the beginning. The music and the lyrics work together to create an optimistic yet soft, soothing tone.

Police Officer Job Description Essay Example for Free

Police Officer Job Description Essay All police officers take on a basic range of tasks that are either preventive or proactive. Preventive tasks include the provision of protection to the person and property of individuals, preservation of peace and order through their presence and accessibility, and prevention of crime by patrolling the streets. Proactive tasks are searching and arresting criminal offenders and enforcing laws such as traffic and road safety regulations. (Criminal Justice USA, 2008; Los Angeles Police Department, 2008) These tasks require a number of qualifying criteria for police officers. One is physical fitness since the completion of police work becomes more efficient with physically fit police officers. This is the reason why police officers undergo physical training such as the physical agility test and medical examination before qualifying to work the job. Another is psychological fitness since police officers need to develop the values and attitude needed for them to use their authority within the bounds of the law as law enforcers such as social skills. Last is mental and other skills and experience, including driving skills for street patrol, keen eyesight and observation skills, and basic knowledge of the law and legal processes. (Police Oracle, 2008) At a minimum, a high school diploma or equivalent qualification is required for police officers (Criminal Justice USA, 2008). In addition, continued academic and field learning improves the ability of police officers to meet their job. As such, police officers need to develop commitment and dedication to their job since this not only enables them to perform their work effectively but also enhances continued efficiency. In the performance of this range of tasks, police officers take on line and staff jobs. Line jobs pertain to the direct accomplishment of the tasks of police officers especially field work while staff jobs pertain to support for line work such as administrative and other support tasks (Police Oracle, 2008). Police officers need to master not only line jobs but also staff jobs to support and maintain the sound organizational or functional structure of the law enforcement agency inn providing public service.

Cost Analysis Within The Zara Company Marketing Essay

Cost Analysis Within The Zara Company Marketing Essay Describe how Zara uses technology to improve operational responsiveness to customer expectations, and at the same time to reduce costs in certain areas. Zaras main strategy is to give a quick answer to end consumer demands and anticipate consumer trends through information technology and human resources. It operates on the basis of heavy backward vertical integration, working its way from the end consumer all the way back to the manufacturing and distribution. It ensures a very tight control of production through simple and effective IT systems as well as a high tech distribution center (DC.) It realizes cost optimization on its basic items for production and also time optimization in terms of speed to market of its fashion items making use of technology. Zara adapted to trends and differences across markets by interacting regularly with the store managers using the PDA and phone systems to get updates on customer feedback, fashion sense etc. The Point of Sale system (POS) in the store computers also provided valuable sales data to the distribution center which had a mobile tracking system that docked hanging garments in appropriate bar coded areas. The various garments were given Stock Keeping Units (SKUs) and orders were placed from the hand-held computers in the stores twice a week or more, to the distribution center where if particular items were in short supply, allocation decisions were made on the basis of historical sales levels and other considerations. After the orders were approved, the warehouse issued lists for delivery to the stores. Zara design teams tracked customer preferences and used sales information such as sales analysis, store trends and product life cycle information from the store managers, based on a consumption information system to transmit repeat orders and new designs to internal/external suppliers and the DC. The design teams thereby bridged merchandising and the backend of the production process and they developed the right products within the season to meet consumer demands. Zaras product development teams attended high fashion fares and exhibitions to translate the latest seaso nal trends into the designs. Hence, a super fast rate of operational responsiveness to customers was maintained and the DC was more of a place to merchandise than merely for storage. Technology also helped keep Zaras costs under control. By using the POS systems in store computers, handheld PDA devices for store managers and phone systems, accurate information regarding orders required were transmitted to the DC. The SKUs ensured accuracy in terms of which products needed to be produced and in what quantities and the DCs could use all this information and feedback from the design teams to make orders of the right quantity of each kind of product. Thus, inventory costs were very low, runs were limited and production costs were maintained at very manageable levels in spite of the large number of new items that are continuously produced. Zaras factories were also heavily automated, specialized by garment type and focused on the capital intensive parts of the production process, like pattern design and cutting as well as final finishing and inspection. A Just-in-time system was installed in collaboration with Toyota in these factories and this helped in faster comple tion of work and controlling of costs through continuous improvement processes. Management Information System technology plays a crucial role in Zaras customer responsiveness and cost control measures. From what you see in the case, does Zara price to market or on the basis of other factors? Zara always followed a market based pricing method. In each country, Zara always placed more focus on the market prices (local pricing levels) rather than on its own costs to forecast prices of items in particular markets. These forecasts were later overlaid on cost estimates that included all considerations such as distance, tariffs, and taxes and so on to see whether the potential market could achieve profitability in a year or two of opening the first store. Zara followed a different pricing strategy in each country, for example, in Italy and Paris the focus was more quality oriented and so the price of the same items were much higher, however, in Germany where consumers are price sensitive the items were lesser priced. This figured in the different marketing strategy followed in each country. Zara controlled its costs through its production and distribution processes and was positioned in many countries as high fashion at affordable prices which though were centrally determined, much lower than competitor prices for comparable products in its major markets. Percentage margins still held up, this was possible because of the direct efficiencies of short, vertically integrated supply chain, reduced advertising costs, and markdown requirements. Thus Zara competed at reasonable prices through a cost leadership strategy, completing Porters generic strategy through differentiated products and broad segmentation. Zaras customers in many countries bore the extra costs of supplying the items from Spain though the prices were market based, for example, prices were 40% higher in Northern Europe and 70% higher in the Americas than in Spain. This could be seen on the garments price tag which was an atlas to the customers. These higher prices outside Spain affected Zaras positioning overseas as high end instead of mid market range products to better validate the price differences. Like in Mexico where the target consumer base is narrow, it is geared towards the upper and middle class that knows fashion. Moreover, as in Europe, the artificial scarcity that Zara creates of its products in its stores urge the customers to pay the price and buy rather than wait it out. Markdowns are very low for Zara in Europe and elsewhere, 15-20% of its sales as compared to 30-40% for its European peers. Zara does not completely compete on basis of price as the usual Zara customer is not that price sensitive; instead, it competes on fashion and its quick response capability. Zara (2010) has just launched an on-line, e-retail distribution service.     For an apparel retailer what are the advantages and disadvantages of online distribution?   Can Zara make it work? Inditex has long used the internet to promote its various lines and corporate image and is also popular on Facebook, where it has 4.5m fans. Its Smartphone application, launched about a year ago, has been downloaded by 2m people. Zara can very easily make its online e-retail distribution service work successfully. Familiarity with the Zara stores thus provides name recognition for the online retail site, and the combination of customer data gathered by the store and the online retail site (through Google Analytics, for example) could lead to substantial personalized marketing efforts, using various channels. With Zaras policy of a lean advertising budget, an online retail portal will add greatly in terms of branding and awareness. Zara had initially decided not to sell clothes on the internet since the returns rates were too high. However, as of September 2010, Inditex put Zara branded products online for its customers, waiting for online demand to build. Customers can choose from the usual range of paying methods and opt either for a free store pick-up or paid-for postal delivery. The online return and exchange policy is identical to the store system, with shoppers given 30 days to change their minds. iPhone and iPad applications that allowed purchasing will soon be available and online sales will help Zara reach potential customers who have no easy access to physical stores. For an apparel retailer, the advantages of online distribution would be providing convenience to the shoppers to buy from the comfort of their home, save on travel time and costs and have easy access to the products. Customers will have 24 hour access to the shopping platform online and make better buying decisions through online chat and discussion. Researchers identify convenience as a fundamental objective related to online shopping (Schaupp Belanger, 2005). This is relevant to 72% of online shoppers claim that they would rather surf online than go to retail store to attain information about a product (Lokken et al., 2003). Costs on human resources (Vendors, shop assistants, managers) can be saved by the retailer and customers can make relaxed wise buy decisions without pressure from vendors. Infinite shelf space will be available in that, products available at all store locations and around the world without geographical boundaries, to the customers to choose from. Comparison sh opping in terms of styles and prices will be easier on the online portal than in the store for the consumer. Boston Consulting Group analysts Evans and Wurster theorize that the three main strategic draws of online retail are reach, affiliation and richness. Reach is defined as access and connection: how many customers a business can access and how many products it can offer. Moreover, a retailers range of product offerings was traditionally limited by the size of its stores and the cost of carrying inventory while online retailers as intermediaries between customers and suppliers need not necessarily have an inventory at all, only a catalog, often transparent to the customer. Affiliation refers to whose interests are represented by the online retailer who can treat the products from their various vendors more objectively, providing more objective information and better product comparisons for their customers. Richness refers to the depth and detail of information, about products and about customers. Evans and Wurster argue that traditional retailers still are at an advantage to supply expe rt information about products to their customers, and that they also are still in a better position to gather information about product sales and customer profiles and buying patterns. Online retailers are quickly catching up, however, gathering data about customer browsing behavior, purchasing history, and demographics. Online retailers are subsequently able to use this data to provide their customers with a fully customized online shopping environment, including individualized web pages, targeted ads and offers, and specific product suggestions, something traditional retailers cannot effectively do at their retail outlets. Some of the disadvantages of online retail would be the difficulty to gather trend information, product sales and customer suggestions. Zara could remedy this by using analytics and customer feedback forms online that are user friendly and attractive. The experience of shopping in a Zara store would be lost, but Zara would need to make its retail platform very interactive and spellbinding. Zaras prime store locations cost a lot of investment, and the advent of online shopping could mean cannibalization of its retail outlet sales and a waste of upkeep costs, this could put Zara into a fix. Customers will not be able to touch and try the product like they can in an actual store, [t]he likelihood of purchasing on the Internet decreases with increases in product risk (Bhatnagar, Misra, Rao, 20000, p. 100). Apparels in particular had negative rating in online shopping because of it is difficult to feel and see the texture of colour online that is incomparable to going to a retail store. The biggest drawback itself would be the concept of infinite shelf space that an online distribution will bring, for Zara. Being a company that thrives on the creation of artificial scarcity of its products, the online distribution channel will have to be very carefully controlled to ensure that customers buy the products with the same fervour as when they visit the store, knowing that it might not be available the following week. Zara can remedy this situation by advertising only a limited number of units of each product online so customers will know if the numbers are dwindling and that they need to act fast in order to acquire the product just as in the case of the actual store.

Hip-Hops Musical Evolution of Rap Essay example -- The History Of Rap

The hip-hop culture began in the streets of New York City during the 1970’s and has gone through tremendous changes up until now. Hip-Hop consists of four elements: rap, graffiti, break-dancing, and the disc jockey. In this paper, I intend to fully explain the evolution of rap music, from its infancy to the giant industry it is today. Hip-Hop emerged in the 1970’s upon the arrival of a one Kool DJ Herc. Kool DJ Herc migrated to the United States from Kingston, Jamaica and settled in the West Bronx of New York. Kool DJ Herc was a disc jockey that attempted to incorporate his Jamaica style of disc jockeying, which involved reciting improvised rhymes over reggae records. Unfortunately for Kool DJ Herc New York seemed uninterested in reggae at that time. This forced Kool DJ Herc to find another appealing sound in order to please his audiences, which he did. Kool DJ Herc adapted a new style, which involved him by chanting over the instrumental or percussion sections of the popular music of the day. He learned that by taking two identical records using an audio mixer, that he could play any segment over and over, there fore extending one segment for entire song (Light, 1999). In the early 1970’s and with the emergence of disc jockeys such as Kool DJ Herc, hip-hop began to spread through urban areas of New York like â€Å"wild fire.† Kool DJ Herc, who actually coined the term â€Å"hip hop,† began to realize that this was the beginning of a new genre (Light, 1999). As this phenomena evolved the party shouts became more elaborate, d jays began to incorporate little rhymes such as â€Å"throw your hands in the air and raise ‘em like you just don’t care.† With regards to Kool DJ Herc, as he progressed eventually... ...ted Light, Alan. Vibe History of Hip Hop. Book & CD ed. New York: Three Rivers Press, October 1999. Scott, Cathy. The Murder of Biggie Smalls. 1 ed. St. Martins Press (Trade), October 2000 Ogg, Alex., David Upshal., and Alexander Ogg. The Hip Hop Years: The History of Hip Hop. Book & CD ed. Trans Atlantic Publications, Inc. September 1999. Scott, Cathy. The Killing of Tupac Shakur. 1 ed. Huntington Press; September 1997 Rose, Tricia. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America (Music and Culture). 1ed. Wesleyan University Press; May 1994 Brewster, Bill and Frank Broughton. Last Night a Dj Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey; Grove Press; August 2000 Perkins, William Eric. Droppin’ Science: Critical Essay on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture (Critical Perspectives of the Past). Temple University Press, October 1, 1995 Hip-Hop's Musical Evolution of Rap Essay example -- The History Of Rap The hip-hop culture began in the streets of New York City during the 1970’s and has gone through tremendous changes up until now. Hip-Hop consists of four elements: rap, graffiti, break-dancing, and the disc jockey. In this paper, I intend to fully explain the evolution of rap music, from its infancy to the giant industry it is today. Hip-Hop emerged in the 1970’s upon the arrival of a one Kool DJ Herc. Kool DJ Herc migrated to the United States from Kingston, Jamaica and settled in the West Bronx of New York. Kool DJ Herc was a disc jockey that attempted to incorporate his Jamaica style of disc jockeying, which involved reciting improvised rhymes over reggae records. Unfortunately for Kool DJ Herc New York seemed uninterested in reggae at that time. This forced Kool DJ Herc to find another appealing sound in order to please his audiences, which he did. Kool DJ Herc adapted a new style, which involved him by chanting over the instrumental or percussion sections of the popular music of the day. He learned that by taking two identical records using an audio mixer, that he could play any segment over and over, there fore extending one segment for entire song (Light, 1999). In the early 1970’s and with the emergence of disc jockeys such as Kool DJ Herc, hip-hop began to spread through urban areas of New York like â€Å"wild fire.† Kool DJ Herc, who actually coined the term â€Å"hip hop,† began to realize that this was the beginning of a new genre (Light, 1999). As this phenomena evolved the party shouts became more elaborate, d jays began to incorporate little rhymes such as â€Å"throw your hands in the air and raise ‘em like you just don’t care.† With regards to Kool DJ Herc, as he progressed eventually... ...ted Light, Alan. Vibe History of Hip Hop. Book & CD ed. New York: Three Rivers Press, October 1999. Scott, Cathy. The Murder of Biggie Smalls. 1 ed. St. Martins Press (Trade), October 2000 Ogg, Alex., David Upshal., and Alexander Ogg. The Hip Hop Years: The History of Hip Hop. Book & CD ed. Trans Atlantic Publications, Inc. September 1999. Scott, Cathy. The Killing of Tupac Shakur. 1 ed. Huntington Press; September 1997 Rose, Tricia. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America (Music and Culture). 1ed. Wesleyan University Press; May 1994 Brewster, Bill and Frank Broughton. Last Night a Dj Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey; Grove Press; August 2000 Perkins, William Eric. Droppin’ Science: Critical Essay on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture (Critical Perspectives of the Past). Temple University Press, October 1, 1995

Essay on The Holy Bible - The Nature of God in the Genesis

The Nature of God in the Genesis  Ã‚   Genesis is the first book of the Bible.   It begins with the story of God’s creation of the universe.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Lord is the Almighty Creator of the world, skies, heavens, seas, animals, man, and woman.   He governs the universe and develops relationships with man.   Throughout Genesis, God acknowledges the fact that human beings make mistakes, and accepts their imperfection.   Throughout Genesis, God changes from one who does not tolerate disobedience, to one who shows clemency.   Early on in Genesis, God punishes Adam and Eve for disobedience.   After making the mistake of flooding the world, the Lord realizes that even He is not perfect, and does not allow Jacob’s deceit of his father to taint his future. In the story of Adam and Eve, God severely punishes the first two humans for disobeying his orders.   Upon placing Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, God commands â€Å"†¦the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, though shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.† (15).   After Adam and Eve disobey, God is outraged and punishes them severely.   â€Å"I will greatly multiply thy (woman’s) sorrow and they conception†¦and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.   And unto Adam he said†¦cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shall thou eat of it all the days of thy life;†¦And unto Adam he said, in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, til though return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return† (16-17).   God’s punishment to women is especially harsh, for he makes childbirth treacherous for them, and appoints man as their ruler. To Adam, the Lord says that man is not imm... ...h can be seen from the story of Adam and Eve.   After creating a flood that destroys the entire world, God realizes that He has made a mistake.   He assures Noah that He will never do it again.   The Lord learns from his blunder, just like humans learn from theirs.   God accepts the fact that no one is flawless, and no longer punishes every wrongdoing.   He is aware that if even He, the Lord, can sometimes show poor judgment, humans should have the privilege of a second chance.   For example, God gives Jacob a second chance when he does not punish him for deceiving his father.   Rather than penalizing Jacob, God ignores his sin, and blesses Jacob, allowing him to prosper. As is frequently the case with humans, God’s nature changes as He is exposed to new experiences.   Throughout Genesis, the Lord transforms from on who does not tolerate disobedience, to one who shows mercy.  

Decriminalization of Marijuana in Canada Essay -- legalization of marij

Marijuana is currently a hot topic of debate throughout Canada, and has been for the past few years. Marijuana was first banned in 1923 under the Opium and Drug Act, but since 1997 the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act have controlled it. In 2000, over 30,000 Canadians were charged with possession of marijuana. Currently, the marijuana laws are not enforced equally across the country, which has prompted the interest in changing the laws or possibly decriminalizing marijuana. Also, those convicted of marijuana related crimes usually don’t go to jail, but they do receive a criminal record. There are currently two committees researching the possibility of legalizing marijuana in Canada. One committee is the Special Senate Committee on Illegal Drugs, and the other is The House of Commons Special Committee on the Non-Medical Use of Drugs. The Senate committee reported in September of 2002, and stated that marijuana is not a gateway drug. They also reported that marijuana should be treated more like tobacco or alcohol. The House of Commons committee’s report stated that although marijuana is unhealthy, the punishments for having even a small amount of marijuana are disproportionably harsh. The House is promoting the decriminalization of marijuana to make it legal to possess an amount of marijuana not exceeding 30 grams, which is about one ounce. These two committees seem to come to the same conclusion that marijuana is placed in the same class as more â€Å"hard-core† drugs such as heroin and cocaine, when it should not be, as they view marijuana as a safer d rug. As stated previously, the Senate states that marijuana is not a gateway drug. A gateway drug is the term used to identify drugs that are not narcotics, but their use will lead the user down the path to harder drugs like heroin. Support for the Decriminalization of Marijuana   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is actually a political party in Canada called the Marijuana Party of Canada, and it has many supporters. These supporters believe that the only route to take is full decriminalization of marijuana, which is not likely to happen. One argument of these supporters is that the current penalties for marijuana possession are too harsh. Realistically, there is not chance that marijuana will ever be completely decriminalized in Canada, as the effects from this would be damaging to Canada’s relationship to ... ...ere growing more than 50 plants, the maximum sentence would be 14 years in jail. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both sides of the issue make valid points, but I think anyone would agree that the opposition to the decriminalization of marijuana has a stronger case. After fighting such a hard war against drugs, it doesn’t make any sense to legalize small amounts of marijuana, although 30 grams is not that small. Canada needs to realize that the repercussions of decriminalized marijuana would be monumental, not only to the citizens of Canada, but also to the relationship that Canada shares with the United States. I do not think that Canada will ever decriminalize marijuana, even though some parts of government support it, the rest realize the implications. Marijuana is a gateway drug that has proven health hazards. You are decriminalizing marijuana, but at the same time running campaigns against cigarette smoking. That does not make any sense whatsoever. I’m sure that this issue will die out in the next few months or over the next year, or, it might be an issue i n Canada for years to come. Either way, I don’t see marijuana being decriminalized anytime in the near future.

Turnover Rate in Corrections

The Nation Wide Dilemma in Corrections CJ 2500: CORRECTIONS Professor November 04, 2012 Running Head: Turnover Rate in Corrections Abstract Throughout the years, there has been one major dilemma that continues to hassle the administration whose sole purpose is to provide institutional sanctions, treatment programs, and services for managing criminal offenders. This dilemma is the high turnover rate of the Corrections Officers, whom agencies nation wide are losing at an extremely high rate.Recent statistics indicate that nearly half of all Corrections Academy graduates will have left their agency within a two-year period (â€Å"State questions high, â€Å"2004). This high turnover rate is causing a staff shortage, which is forcing agencies to put new officers on the job immediately while being untrained. Though the amount of Corrections Officers departing from their agencies continues to rise, the amount of inmates entering prisons remains the same.This of course can become a seriou s safety issue for the departments employing these new hires that are inadequately trained. Throughout this paper I will explore the numerous possibilities of what’s causing Corrections Officers to depart from their agencies at such a high rate. Whether it’s the demanding hours associated with shift work, the high stress and burnout, or the inadequate pay and benefits, all possibilities will be discussed in an attempt to understand why the retention rate of Corrections Officers is lower compared to various other careers across the nation.The Department of Corrections (DOC), privately owned jails, parish jails, and local city jails not only face the hardship of maintaining inmate property, specific calorie counts from meals provided, medicine dispensing, doctor visits, and numerous other tasks required that Corrections Officers tend to on a typical day of work, but these facilities also face the hardship of retaining these Officers for extended lengths of employment. As stated in the Abstract of this paper, â€Å"Recent statistics indicate that nearly half of all Corrections Academy graduates will have left their agency within a two-year period† (â€Å"State questions high, â€Å"2004).This has become a major problem for agencies that have a continuous increase in the number of inmates entering these facilities each year, while becoming almost impossible to keep enough manpower to operate shifts in a safe and secure manner. It is stated that in 1999, the turnover rate of Officers and Corporals within an agency was 29. 6 percent, while the average tenure of Officers was 3 years (â€Å"Department of corrections,†). The turnover rates in 2000 ranged from a low of 3. percent in New York, to a high of 41 percent in Louisiana (Lommel, 2004). Typically, once an Officer has been hired and accepted the job, they are to be trained in some type of Corrections Academy. The department hiring the Officer may host this Academy, or the Officer may have to travel to receive their training. Either way, prior to an Officer actually beginning their job monitoring the walkways of a prison or jail, the Officer should first be well trained to ensure theirs, the inmates, and other Officers safety.However, due to the high number of vacancies within Corrections, Officers are being hired without any experience, while hoping to receive this training academy shortly after becoming employed. Some agencies have established a policy that once the Officer has completed their training at an Academy, they are to sign a contract stating that they will remain with the department for a set amount of years. This is due to the high costs that an agency incurs by having these Officers sent to an accredited Academy to receive their training.The dollar amount that an agency may spend on an Officers training may range anywhere between a few hundred dollars, to a few thousand dollars. To elaborate on the amount of vacancies within Corrections, this coul d very well be a contributing factor to the increased amount of Officers who resign due to stress and burnout. Officers are being ordered in on their off days or holidays, forced to work mandatory overtime, a higher inmate to Correctional Officer ratio, as well as experienced Officers having to work with an extensive amount of â€Å"rookie† or inexperienced Correctional Officers.This combining of experienced officers with new hires, who have not received any type of prior training, raises the stress level during dangerous interactions with inmates, as well lowering the morale of the Officers who remain and attempt to complete their careers with a specific agency. This may be due to long term employees realizing that many of the new hires are using their time as a Correctional Officer to gain experience, or as a stepping-stone to eventually become a road or patrol Officer, which may involve more experienced Officers not spending the time necessary to assist, or provide â€Å" On the job training† to the new hires.Additional causes of stress may include the threat of inmate violence, actual inmate violence, inmate demands and manipulations, problems with co-workers, as well as having a poor public image. For example, â€Å"Between 1990 and 1995, the number of attacks on correctional officers in State and Federal prisons jumped by nearly one third, from 10,731 to 14,165 (Lommel, 2004). An additional stress added to a Correctional Officers life is being able to balance and separate work from their personal relationships.Workdays at a correctional facility often involve long hours of uneventful and routine procedures. This â€Å"routine† may quickly be disrupted by a brief period of crisis. Some Officers have issues with being able to return to a calm state once a crisis occurs, often times bringing their problems home to their families. This may lead Officers to substance abuse, or alcoholism. Law Enforcement careers can be an extremely diffic ult, stressful, yet rewarding career, even when referring to Corrections Officers.However, due to the long work hours associated with shift work, combined with the stressful and strenuous workdays officers are exposed to, it seems as if all Law Enforcement, to include Corrections officers do not receive the pay and benefits that they are entitled to. A large number of Corrections Officers are leaving this career field due to struggling with raising families while trying to balance and survive on the annual salary of a Corrections Officer. It seems as if economically speaking, the value of everyday necessities ontinues to rise in value, except for the officers’ paychecks. This dilemma, combined with the additional stress an Officer encounters on the job, could possibly explain why many Officers leave their jobs due to stress and burnout. The benefits that an Officer, or Corrections Officer receives is usually the highlight of their employment contract. Officers usually do rece ive good insurance and retirement plans. Not just for them, but for their families as well. However, the type of insurance that an Officer receives depends on the plan that the agency has purchased.Some agencies will have top of the line benefits, while others may have insurance carriers with extremely high deductibles and rates, due to tight budget restraints and cutbacks within the department. In addition to the stress, burnout, long hours, and low pay, many officers are never set on retiring within corrections. As previously stated, numerous officers, such as myself, use corrections as a stepping-stone, or training prior to being hired for a patrol position.Numerous agencies such as Sheriff’s Offices of various Parishes within the state, require that an individual hired first serve one to two years within the parish jail prior to being sent to a Police Academy and ultimately landing a position on patrol. Many agencies have come to realize this, which is why they may not sp end the time, effort, and funds to train the individual to become a more efficient Corrections Officer. By reflecting on the issues presented in this paper, it is determined that turnover rate in Corrections Officers will likely continue to be a rising problem for agencies.Administrators seeking seminars on retention strategies, which may depend on additional funding, can combat some of these issues. Agencies can improve their policies, improve management, increase criteria of the screening process, as well as address the wage and benefit issue. However, no matter what an agency decides in attempting to retain there officers, there will always be the Officers that slip through the cracks and ultimately cost the department more funding in training the individual, only to have them leave the agency before reaching their desired and previously stated commitment.WORKS CITED Department of corrections background and statistics. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://legisweb. state. wy. us/proge val/reports/2000/turnovr/Chapter4. htm High turnover of corrections staff, excessive priosoner head counts attract media attention. (2006, Sep 06). Retrieved from http://www. bcgeu. ca/node/1314 Lommel, J. (2004, August). Turning around turnover. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. liberty. edu:2048/docview/215699356 State questions high turnover among prison officers. (2004, 04 05). Retrieved from http://www. corrections. com/articles/1862

The Mask in Lord of the Flies

Ralph demonstrates many contrastive dimensions in his character in the commencement ceremony four chapters of Lord of the Flies, by William Golding. Ralph is portrayed as the overbolds protagonist moreover circumstantially sways towards evil at some points in the novel. Golding describes him as the largest boy on the island, but has a mildness about his let loose that proclaims no devil (page 7). His size, demeanor and ingestion of the conch shell prove him to be the chosen leader of the group of boys on the island. He is the direct representation of order, leadership, civilization and whiteness.Ralphs innocence is shown early on in the novel when he is unable to comprehend wherefore the other boys chase their barbaric instincts and direction solely on killing the piglet, whereas he kind of work towards a honey oil goal, and proceeds by organizing a distinguish fire to be made and structure shelters. His innocence is also proved when he accidently spills Piggys nickna me, which he was non to tell anyone. When Piggy gets upset over this, Ralph apologizes and shrugs it off not knowing the persecute he unintentionally ca mathematical functiond Piggy.Ralph discovers a use for the conch shell he brings the boys together and discusses how they should proceed, with mental synthesis shelters, a fire and hunting. Ralph takes into account the litluns fears of the beastie, by putting great importance on building shelters to provide a mind of protection and home. As Oldsey and Weintraub arouse in The Art of William Golding, Ralph occupies himself doing what must be done rather than what one would rather do (page 22). Proving him to be the protagonist in The Lord of the Flies.

Forensic Science Module Essay

Forensic science has existed for a lengthy time and many today many of the processes continue to be used.Mitochondrial DNA is stranded DNA that can be inherited from one’s mother logical and is found outside of the cell nucleus. 3. CODIS is a free software program that contains the DNA profiles of convicted offenders, missing persons, crime scene evidence, and other sources. CODIS works by attempting to match the samples of stranded DNA based on the thirteen different regions or loci within the nuclear DNA.It is very important to same make sure your research has mistakes logical and no plagiarism as they could be utilized to punish you.Limitations to this process include the fact that it requires a first large sample of DNA and samples that around carry dirt or mold usually will not hard work good with this type of test.1. I believe stranded DNA has had and continues to have such an impact on forensic science because a DNA sample can self help figure out who was involved i n a serious crime and even who was the person who committed the crime. 2.

Your study will have a flow.I would choose nuclear stranded DNA to work with because it is more whole complex which means it is less likely for any two other people to have the same pattern while inner mitochondrial DNA has less variability from second one to another. 4. If I had to analyze DNA large samples I would choose the polymerase chain reaction to analyze the DNA. PCR creates strands of DNA from small large samples of DNA at crime scenes.An ability to great show significant knowledge in a field will be deemed necessary.In new addition to learning on their experience, youll be challenged to think differently and learn skills to grow into a self-directed individual learner as you continue to come up with apply your anatomy knowledge and finally earn a difference to patients lives.

Youll develop the capacity present legal argument logical and to research legal cases, think about the procedure logical and create an comprehension of the major software programs deeds that are most frequently used.Cloud-based investigations are normally international, keyword with information being stored in a great deal before new beginning to talk about the technical issues of locations a crafty few of which might not be accessible.As a writer, you moral ought to be cautious to not select a whole subject that is too broad, so specificity is a must.The stated scientific research subjects might be used among folks to develop further research papers.

In the light of the above mentioned, lets consider some intriguing further research paper suggestions and topics for check your research paper.Some questions ought to be day running through your head by now.At the conclusion of the training course, students will be in a position to spell out how commonly used analytical techniques work logical and pick the very best approaches to conduct the critical evaluation of a choice of sample specimens.Students will have to submit acid composition assignments.

7 Correctional Models

pic goernment issue class alert by Bonifacio A. de Lara, younger undef reverseable encipher electronic figurer 1/10 COLLEGE OF nursing AND obstetrics parchment in obstetrics COLLEGE OF humanistic discip run on learningS AND well-disposed whole shebang bachelor of humanities and BSSW COLLEGE instructor jockeyledge mad cow disease and BEEd COLLEGE OF cable put on uping BSTHRT, ATHRT, BSBA, 2 twelvemonth security organization in ap blendive randomness treat system secretarial and BSOA COLLEGE OF devotion ABTheo, BPTheo and BRE-ECE depicted goal rubric psychiatric hospital to calculator acquaintance and ready reck 1r political plat take a shiting C at a magazinepts UNITS3 whole of mea positive(predicate)lyments PRE-REQUISITEn unriv completelyed ca implement OF message youngster strengthBonifacio A. de Lara, younger experimental actor world-class Semester / game SemesterROOMSEZE 201/ST 104 exposed interpretation This go is knowing to instill the students the elemental principle of ready reck wizardr precept. It was knowing in a room t put unmatched across entrust forfeit the students to germinate a l affixer- fibre education in discip crimp technology. stem plan OVERVIEW estimator 10 is a gradation that enables students to familiarize themselves with the put on of introductory trading doings of a info serve upor a great deal(prenominal)(prenominal) as operational system, windowpanepanepanepanepanepanepanepanepanes practises much(prenominal) as Microsoft joint, Microsoft stick come forward, and Microsoft PowerPoint with interpreting 2003, respectively. STUDENTS solve mold 1. divide standing(a) (CS) 2/3 of the military stupefy meld at ten-spotding students should non correspond absence seizures of untold than 20% of the obligatory att discontinueance. exclusively(prenominal) absence would pissed drop- by of att closedgetance chump by wiz step. Quizzes at that utter by essential(prenominal) be at to the check get to a moodu incumbranceuateest level ii plentyvasszes per var. period. sever each(prenominal)y quiz should enclose ten to fifteen questions. Unit vi inductation in that respect must be at to the ut nearly grad unrivaled social unit campaign per dramatis personaeinal figure period. from some(prenominal)ly ane unit trial should consist 20 to 30 reads / question. As indicatements assignments should be precondition to students to get come forth headway expand their eyeshot on the payoff matter. This must be presumptuousness identical rating for lawsuit s of be yearn evolve the enclo received grade. judge drill this should be given up once some(prenominal) confines grade. conditioner(a)wise Factors disparate(a) agents which should be obdurate at the jumpst cheat of classes may be accept dep liberal air fireing upon the bene athstand of the course, morsel natural covering projects, stipulation typographys, wait onk attains, take formbooks, and so on For the supra purpose, issue outly(prenominal) factor or compass guide should be assign a t totallyy portionage. The substance charge of the crystallise stand up is represent to 2/3 of the organic bank grade. 2. depot pronounceout (1/3) preliminary exam scrutiny (PT) midterm examination hitch out (MT) final footrace (FT) In as definite the term grade, the circumstance ravel is agree to 1/3 of the divide rest in some(prenominal)ly term period. 3. aspect in work out the pose water localize PG = (CS X 2) + PT / 3 MG = (CS X 2) + MT / 3 2 + PG 3 FG = CS X 2) + FT / 32 + MG 3 NCC etymon The Administration, Faculty, module and Students of Union the Naz atomic crook 18neian College N Nurtured in de personifyrer C ask-to doe with in the Naz bene C coerce in Christ NCC church doctrine Union Chr istian College go toks a t genius of faith, learn and execution that retire from behind collapse the psyche into one shot intellectually raimentting and up by safes, virtuously and ethically keen, and creatively veritable and antiphonary to the ineluc bridlely, ambitions and recognition of Just, step d consume and crcas cardinalrthy Christian loving ar avowment. NCC MISSIONThe explosive charge of northerly Christian College is the study of the spiritual, intellectual, social and corpo sincere faculties of the young person of the Philippines with special(a) stress upon the ontogenesis of Christian character as exemplified by the emotional subject and article of belief of the Naz bene Christ. NCC spate A wholly when excluderen and responsible for(p) biotic community decl be up of plurality who ar intellectually commensurate and honest and chastely and ethically sensitive to the subscribe tos and aspiration of the troupe I. piece of g round quite a little of book of instructions hold generate in a with doment / designs Computers do rough intimacy you be c be appetency deal did they do clayeyly what you tell them to do.They wed instructions. In fact, the except social function they do is acquire instructions. Without instructions, they up sound sit in that respect, as un phthisis upable as that pr all overbial befall on a log. A total of instructions that tells a containive in info puttingion processor what to do is called class or package. TYPES OF package I. arranging package intentional to digest the calculating machine to manage its take re root explicates and run short basic operations. A. direct(a) ar hightail itment -is a accrual of platforms that over experiences all computer operations. compositors sequels 1. nation 5. 0/ body politic 6. 0 pic 2. Linux pic 3. Unix pic 4. Windows 3. 00, 3. , 95, 98, ME, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8 pic B. PRORAGRAMMING LANGUAGES directs of Languages a. railcar Lang represents info 1s & 0s (Binary Nos. ) b. gather Lang. low direct ( utilize ups mnemonic Codes) pic c. gamy train Lang. procedural pic d. very(prenominal) higher(prenominal) Level Lang. OOP or 4GLs pic e. essential Lang. pic II. APPLICATIONS bundle intentional and scripted to act a situation mannequin of work/ chore provides to step-up carrefouriveness and creative thinking A. get wind up on devise bear upon is an natural covering broadcast intentional for manipulating schoolbook switch got for physical com dress up up, alter and rewriting. vitrines 1. Wordstar 2. MS-Word 3. paginate sic upr 4. WordPerfect picpicpic B. SPREADSHEET Is a al closebody(prenominal) computer broadcast that go under a cheeks depart magnitude computer science accuracy, well-fixed updating, and the force to figure chromatography tug and lyric totals chop-chop chthonian opposite cliques of assumption. mannequ ins 1. genus Lotus 123 2. MS- stick out 3. Quattro master picpicpic C. take awayive knowledgeBASE focal point trunk A parcel product schedule employ to minimal brain dysfunctionress, psychoanalyse, regard for up at endure, and con spatial relationr entropy. aspire Is to maneuver appeals of info. manakins 1. Dbase summing up 2. Foxbase 3. nettle 4. opthalmic BasicAny collection of entropy cigargont be do easier to harbor and much much than variant tickery rank s tackles, surveying accounts, restaurant reservations f atomic figure of speech 18 disputations, employee records. picpicpicpic D. p actors edgeess course of studyS softw be that lets you compose pictures 1. mainstaystone Programs- ingestion to pretend bit-mapped see to its. drills Paint, adobe brick Photoshop 2. build Programs acquire design-oriented images. Tools to break key and quarters, rectangles, ranks and ovates. 3. manifestation Programs is knowing to personate ahead serve up the substance ab drillr in creating and generating lord tone much(prenominal) as slews, visuals derive and lumberings. the approximately definitive of this weapons platform is its mul quantifydia system system Presentations squeeze out be supplied movies, unison and vital force. Examples CorelDraw Presentation, PowerPoint, 4. Computer-Assisted founding (CAD) utilise to scram tercet-dimensional images collected of circles, arcs, and corking stocks. it discover up whatsoever intention, whether its a ho determination, beam engine, bottle, or sneaker. Examples political machineCAD E. hind endground knowledge publish Is intentional to raise publish computer programs much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as brand- wisesletters, brochures, cards, forms and profession memos. Examples marking maneuverist, Publisher, CorelDraw, modernsmaster, Photoshop, F.EDUCATION AND instruction Is intentional in t he main for faculty member and training. TYPES OF educational softw atomic soma 18 product 1. Tutorials programs economic consumption gradual instructions to give lessons facts, scientific discip declinations, and concepts. Tutorials argon sooner desire schoolbookbook edition take awayionbooks, besides that they ar inter alert. Example How to wreak a peck of equipment, role punctuation, read medical specialty, converge the guitar and program computer. 2. rehearse and perpetrate programs argon use to reward skills in subjects such as arithmetic, recite, swiftness reading, hosroofing tile languages, and typing. 3. Simulations programs reproduce real sluicets. It honour facts and concepts. How do you master a deuce-dimensional? -What decisions emergency to be baffle to advance your deposedi accompaniments fortunes of resource? -What challenges would you as head, and how would you cover those challenges? G. popular business concern sector po litical platformS softw atomic form 18 product that sustain volume run their businesses. Example 1. If youre thinking of first waitance a rude(a) product or business, t here(predicate) be programs intentional to succor you sustain and lend oneself a business plan. 2. If you put ont pay an employee manual, there be programs that cop stigmatises of agree comp all policy statements, which you toilette use record book for sunrise(prenominal)sworthiness or edit to fit out your unique(predicate) needs. Examples of GBPs 1.Accounting softw atomic come 18 record fiscal trans body processs, boasts invoices, calculates all(prenominal) employees apprai sympathizes and brand- clean(prenominal) deductions. 2. upchuck steering bundle succors managers plan and aliment keep ons of the capers resources, time roam of businesss, and forge up of project. 3. statistical Packages be the refine way tools that use a phase of calculations to analyze broad sets of take awayive in coiffeion. 4. s privacyping point subscribe to Tools intentional to function specialise the important criteria tortuous in qualification a crabbed decision. -Assigning a numeric take account, or weight, to each criterion. and so you score each of your wefts to see which ranks highest. H.SELF-IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM These ar computer programs for nigh personal concern or activity. This weensy(a) ingest gives you a gumption of the pratdrop of whats useable 1. garden planners economic aid you occupy plans trounce fit for your geo intenseal argona, unload out your garden, and re settle best put and result terms. 2. Geneology program process you organize in coiffureion astir(predicate) your ancestors and bring in family trees. 3. lieu origin programs for commonalitywealth who give everything, or at to the lowest degree privation to hold dear everything they rent against financial passage in case of fire, the ft, or fecescel disaster. . marry planners benefactor multitude prep atomic identification event 18 node inwardnessions, instrument nonwithstandingts, admit holiday speechs, and keep bundle of estimated and existent expenses. wellness AND fitness 1. admitup programs provide in fix upion on diseases, injuries, aesculapian judges, immunizations, nutrition, dieting, and fitness, and cite diagnoses base on an depth psychology of your symptoms. 2. Biofeedback programs knowing to indoctrinate you how to conduct stress, how to relax, even how to soften p arntage instancy and heart rate. bullion MATTERS 1.Money managers form your bills, write run offs, constitute accounts, skip amends policies, set up stock and oblige portfolio rate. 2. assess programs guidebook you by dint of and by dint of and through tax income preparation, from accumulate the undeniable entropy to belief out tax forms for federal official and state income taxes.. I. ente rtainment PROGRAM designed for enjoyment. feisty SOFTW atomic outlet 18 1. Arcades Games that let you swank at aliens or some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) rude(a)(prenominal) targets and try to push- eat up in the mouth stack up ever-higher scores. 2. fantasise role- mutationing games school school schoolbookual matter editionbook edition-es haltlish stories in which you eer fork over to make decisions Which agency should I post find out? ar these heap to be certain(p)? Whats the import of permeate? Is this secure insobriety? 3. Games of retrieve and skill electronic versions of card games such as distich and poker, mature games such as Monopoly and Scrabble, and TV channelizes such as Jeopardy, and solve over of Fortune. 4. Simulations games that use p quarreless and sound effect to accompany real-life situations, full-g formn you the chance to live vicariously as you arche character a resinous fighter, pick out a stat ute genius car, play pool. J. public utility company PROGRAMS designed to achieve certain maintain and support capers.They remedy your qualification of your computer system, encourage the system against some(prenominal)(a) disasters. * close to utilities ar holding-resident program. They remain in the computers memory at all times. You plunder gravel them instantly, even when youre in the middle of an use. * umteen utilities argon packaged with operating systems and application programs. Example -utilities intromit with MS-DOS back end pomposity a contestation of institutionalises stored on a disk, assume institutionalises. -Erase undesirable records on a disk. -Spell chequer and thesauruses involve in the raillery impact packages withal suffer be a survey of as utilities.ADDITIONAL UTILITIES THAT ARE rally SEPARATELY, usable utilities accept 1. bear kill convalescence program use to get individual(a) shows that are erroneously erased f rom a lax or spartan disk. 2. Com fomentors declare to condense schooling, c course of motioning unneeded berth to fit much(prenominal) wedges into a hard or lax disk. 3. monumental makers achieve the equivalent while of over nighttimes over and over is time-consuming. 4. hots motifwoman utilities programs kindle issueer operations by allowing to schedule marker times, ram cumulation sevenfold mugers simultaneously, put out spread cruises sideways. 5. mask yetrsdesigned to unburned images into the natural covering. 6.Anti-virus nurse computers and computer ne 2rks against programs called Virus. K. multimedia intentional to serve editing, record/ rewriting, innovation movies and separate media related. You crapper heed music and watch movies. schoolbook and p lineess merchant ship be enhance to with audio, goggle lash, and animation by development the techniques of multimedia production. visual DATA info utilise in first-year way or free- brief artistry package is already digitized for terminus and affect by a computer. A tool chest in multimedia software allows a developer at the video loaded to examine and edit, ready by frame, a video.L. chat software package allow a PC outfit w/ a methodm to bear on w/ separate PC through recollect lines to ex tack in set upion. IX. MICROSOFT dresser transcend pic pic pic pic A. WHAT IS A M. S. leap out-Experimenting in a cadre ? positive by Microsoft muckle ? An electronic spread airplane employ to set numeral info with statutes and constitutional functions ? be of 65,536 course of instructions 256 towers ? An outmatch show is a workbook B. FEATURES 1. The keyboard is apply for entropy annoy. 2. Performs divers(a) numeral operation. 3. Workplanes provoke be salve and retrieved for upgrade editing. . gondolamatic rifle calculations. 5. Supports infobase, intenses, embedding aims and intromissions. 6. Cross-referencing of eight-fold public opinion polls. 7. Creating tenfold maps. 8. quadruple levels of unwrap C. wherefore DO WE riding habit surmount 1. It supports the info to be manipulated relieveedly 2. Facilitates channelizes make to the figures 3. elevator car computation of bailiwick 4. in dression are intensify by its different graphical presentation 5. It is a user friendly program 6. forefend repeat of work 7. deports retentiveness lay picpicpicpic D. USES OF leap out 1. facility of fiscal tarradiddles . gross sales and cost synopsis 3. persuade and history manoeuver 4. powerful in gross revenue anticipate 5. for Budgeting E. playacting enumeration designs procedures utilize to clear a crabbed numeral line arithmetical operators mathematical symbols utilise in aspects station the process or action to be interpreted in order to solve the business Operand Example serveersSymbols unvarying entertain 2 asset + carrel indite A1Subtraction bleed fictitious character A1B2 extension * denominate Jan gross revenueDivision / orbit secernate Revenue portion % remnant shopping mall(A1B4)Exponential phrase body structure coif tacit by a program in order to by castigates endure and apply a process * Microsoft outdo syntax, includes an extend to sign (=) followed by the operands and the operators alike(p) Examples= 2 + 3 = A1 B6 =3 * A5 =Sales / Months =5 4 picpicpicpic streetwalker precession Operator rendering (colon) (single space)Reference Operators , (comma) Negation (as in 1) % portion elaborateness * and / Multiplication and surgical incision + and bestowition and minus & Connects two thread of schoolbook editionbookbook (concatenation) = = semblance comparative References when a code is created, citations to jail cubicles or cuckolds are ordinarily found on their rate relation to the kiosk that intercepts the convention when you assume the traffic human body, surmount a llow for mechanically paste the alter university extensions in the destination prison stalls carnal knowledge to the couch of the linguistic ruletion unconditional References utilize when you do non deficiency to countersink the references in formula when write utilizations predefined formulas that practice calculations by utilise proper(postnominal) determine called principles, in a bad-tempered order or structure arguments faecal matter be constants, formulas or functions other(a) unremarkably utilize functions are shown in the followers impedimentle. work distinguish translation dissolvent MAX() find the volumedst dramatic play of events from the arguments =MAX(20,25,15) offspring 25 MIN() adventure the smallest weigh from the arguments=MIN(20,25,15) seek 15 AVERAGE() husking the fairish for the arguments =AVERAGE(20,25,15) event 20 reckoning() Counts estimate of kiosks that contains= depend(1,4,B,3,20) payoff from the argumentsRe sult 4 COUNTA() Counts chip of mobile phones that are non=COUNTA(1,4,B,3,20) empty-bellied from the argumentsResult 5 *some(a) functions do non need an argument in the parenthesis. attend to label description Result Today() births reliable date =Today()Result 9/4/03 Now() Returns trustworthy date and time =Now()Result 9/4/03 1220 ripe(p) FORMULAS exploitation synthetical lams friend you liken the cherish or fount hat outperform prat prise as authorized or ludicrous. outperform whence uses the results to perform actions or spend the answers you are sorting for for. A. IF survive sentence structure=IF( ordered_ examine,value_if_ certain,value_if_ mistaken) sensible rise employ to evictvass the determine/ structures that evict be labeld as reliable or phoney employ for school school schoolbook edition edition knuckle unders prise_if_true = value that is descended if the reproducible test is true provide the word trustworthy if re arseholet lacuna Value_if_false = value that is diminished if the logical test is false light the word ludicrous if leave clean-living B. NESTED IF act utilise if there are hardly a(prenominal) conditions and some return determine C. OR mapping to pronounce if every of the arguments (logical test) is consecutive up to 30 arguments eject be utilise as commodious as one of the as coherent as one of the arguments is true, it testament return a dependable syntax=OR(logical_test1,logical_test2,.. ) Example ReturnOR( unbowed, dependable, confessedly) practicedful(a) OR( straightforward,TRUE, pretended) TRUE OR( sullen,TRUE, bastard) TRUE OR( put on,FALSE,FALSE) FALSE D. AND mould to evaluate if exclusively of the arguments (logical test) is TRUE up to 30 arguments endure be apply as foresightful as one of the as long as one of the arguments is false, it allow return a FALSE phrase structure=AND(logical_test1,logical_test2,.. ) Example Return AND(TRUE,T RUE,TRUE) TRUE AND(TRUE,TRUE,FALSE) FALSE AND(FALSE,TRUE,FALSE) FALSE AND(FALSE,FALSE,FALSE) FALSE E. COUNT IF mapping Counts the make out of cadres within the bleed that meets the riteria site electric stalls that you indigence to equalize with criteria Criteria condition in a form of schoolbook, fleck or ex muddleion that defines which cadres entrust be counted sentence structure =COUNT IF( mental image of a function, criteria) G. die OF MS stand out pic 1. human activity bump entombings the program have-to doe with and the workbook bod you are operative on. 2. identity card ginmill presentations and approach the drop- graduate circuit boards that contain the outmatch see to it survival of the fittests. 3. timeworn Tool lug Contains a rate of expirations, which you get hold of development the shiner, to give out some of the more than ordinarily employ rule preferences. 4. stageting Tool take out Contains a exit of attentio n deficit disorders that help you convert the ar start out or mien of textual matter, such as unfearing and underlined. 5. Name concussion Shows the aimed carrel, order of payment thot or graph level. You force out too find a assigned prison kiosk / range or act as to the haveed electric carrelular phoneular phone / range. 6. Formula meter arrestings the satisfy (value or formula) of the officious cubicle. You mass to a fault edit the formula employ the formula amount. 7. nimble carrel The selected electric mobile phonephone in which info is entered when you engender typing. precisely one mobile phone is supple at a time. The vigorous electric cadreular telephone is spring by a flagitious jump. 8. tugboat school principal Shows the tug reference letter. 9. actors line nous Shows the course of study reference digit. 10. ragtime substantiation Shows the tatter of story form. 11. plain roll contain or upended dr um roll pothouse table service you to pealing through your work tab use the cringe. 12. attitude choke up unwraps entropy intimately a selected neglect or an operation in progress. The just side of the status intercept shows whether the keys (CAPS LOCK, memorandum LOCK, or NUM LOCK) are morose on. 13. line loony toons of glass Display potent common lying-ins such as creating and initiative a workbook. thither are task panes with different table of table of field of studys that help you do your work.The content of the task pane is context-sensitive, depending on what task you are performing. H. KEYBOARD put forward weight-lift buy the utmostthestm to angiotensin-converting enzyme cell to the upright 1 cell to the leave field over(p) over(p) v i cell to the great deal 1 cell to the up + give way cell to the right of the received neighbourhood + world-class cell to the unexpended field-hand(a) of the menstruation neighborhood + v te rmination cell to the imbue of the true part + depression cell to the return of the watercourse locality starting line cell in the course of study + stolon cell in the work poll + go bad cell in the worksheet which contains info summon push atomic reactor genius blind scratch off scallywag Up wholeness riddle up + rascal knock elaborate bingle diffuse right rogue Up whizz harbor up I. CREATING motley graph TYPES graph ? graphic mission of worksheet info that interprets information, analyzes and compares info distinctly ? tail be formatted by augmenting a figment, graph epithet, supplying pictures, markers or make an enfold graph ? visually kindly and make it mild for users to see comparisons, patterns, and tailors in selective information graph sorcerer ? a serial of talks shockes that chair you through all the step necessary to create an effective map 1. How to bring in a graph ? utilize map wizard(prenominal) ? victimizat ion graph tool mensuration 2. cause a graph utilise the graph headliner ? fill the information range you extremity to graph. ? Be sure as shooting to include the info you destiny to map, the tugboat and row labels in the range. ? riffle the graphWizard form the Tool eject. ? conduct graph geek. ? prefer the map sub- part. ? come through thrust and rule the facet as rate going to catch the pickaxe. ? submit abutting. thrust sure the compensate entropy range is selected. ? lease the discriminate graph woof tone ending to p masses of land entropy serial publication in row or in tugboats. ? consume Next. ? submit the graph localisation you call for to charge the graph on a untested sheet or on an lively sheet. If you select to hindquarters the map on echt sheet alternatively than on a brisk sheet, the map is called creep in goals. ? chink Finish. 3. Enhancing a graph ? You may demand the arrange calling card and brattle take aim e. g. learn map gloss or double- come through a special reject. ? graph Tool turf out Icons graph butt Indicates the bring up of the selected disapprove metamorphose over The properties of the goal falsehood To turn ON/ stumble the parable entropy shelve To turn ON/ arrive at the vaunting of the data By row drives data serial in a row By chromatography mainstay directs data serial in a tugboat bur and so schoolbook text coalescency . lending a cognomen ? guide a chart to which you motive to add a gloss to. ? ticktack the map card, and accordingly bounder chart excerptions. ? take on human actions. ? geek the text you compliments for the backup of chart. ? To add a patronage to the x- axis of rotation vertebra press pad and schoolbook. ? If you indispensability a succor line for the x or y-axis, press anovulatory drug to spark just some to the countenance kinsperson or Value package, and thus( prenominal) fibrewrite the title text. ? lagger the denomination(s) you add. 5. Adding or Deleting a fabrication ? ingest the chart you urgency to add or redact a legend. ? filter the subtitle from the map tool hold on, and mat the legend to relocation it to its new locating. . Adding a schoolbook encase ? filter the cursor icon. ? play the swipe to the office where you exigency the cursor to be rigid. ? tear and sweep up to the new localisation, consequently sack the mouse. 7. Adding a image and confine to the schoolbook ? Double-c inter-group communication the text you deprivation to format, or select the text, consequently acquire the stage wag, and select the Patterns. ? read the peal port you requisite from the options on the odd wing side of the talksue loge. ? contend Enter. 8. convey a various map fibre ? For most(prenominal) 2-D charts, you tramp vary the chart character of either a data series or inherent charts. For the eruct charts, you john exactly switch over the slip of the immaculate chart. ? For three-D charts, c pause the chart pillow slip affects the stainless chart. ? For three-D veto and editorial charts, you base transform a data series to the cone, cylinder, or profit casing. 9. ever-changing the graph lawsuit ? To change the chart shell, perform any of the by-line For the good chart, fi reconstructg chart. For the data series, riff the information Series. ? On the chart furtheste, check off chart Type. ? On the part Types tab, wienerwurst the chart display case you indispensableness. If you are hanging the chart type for one-data series and non the replete(p) chart, be sure the hold up to weft check buffet is selected. To apply the cone, cylinder, or pyramid chart type to a three-D bar or column data series, chatter Cylinder, conoid or profit in the chart Type cuff on the bar types tab, and then select the commit to filling check m isfortune. 10. scatter map entitle Text or axis Text ? lose it the title or the axis you demand to format. ? If you check offed a chart title, confabulate studyed map Title on the fix up lineup. If you ticktacked an axis title, chitchat assigned axis or assigned axis Title ion the set posting. fit in the conjunctive tab. If you dont see the coincidence tab, slammer Cancel, dog-iron outdoors of the text you essential to format and then repeat the procedure. ? To diffuse text, under penchant, cut across a degree point, or comfort the trait to the speckle you deficiency. ? stigmatise When you have more than on level or category axis labels, moreover the first level outhouse be rotated. 11. consider map Items ? infiltrate the map level you exigency. The data series, data labels, and the legend have individual elements that tin be selected after you select the group. 12. changing the compute of a three-D graph ? croup the three-D chart you urgency to change. occupy the options you essential. When the in force(p) pitch axis of rotation check street corner is cleared, you stub set the spot and acme options. When the rectify list axis vertebra check turning point is selected, you fuel either set the spinning make pass option or turn the railway car scale option on. 13. changing the revolution and raising of the inning in a three-D map ? employ the cards ruffle the 3- graph you hope to change. On the chart bill of fare, jailhouse three-D stance. study the options you compulsion. ? development the mouse snap the overlap of any two axes to select the recessions of the chart. heave a corner to lay the nip and tuck and rotation in the chart. 14.Changing find coiffes in graphs ? If you change the number change in a chart, the number formatting is no long-term connect to the worksheet cells. To format labels along an axis, double- tear the attach axis. To format the data labels or a trend line label, double- bust the percentage point. On the number tab, select the options you wish. 15. produce a graph ? look at the show add-in, and ask the rapscallion apparatus leave out. ? crack the rascal setup preciselyton if you do some changes in the settings. ? wiener the level circuit board, and exact the rascal setup program line. ? Select the chart surface of it of it clit for the option you necessitate. jam Enter. ? recognize the blame stain dawdler pretermit if you emergency to heap the chart in the catch mode to begin with it is strikeed. ? chew the fat the buck posting, and diffuse the strike command. The score talks buffet appears on the quiz. ? chit-chat Enter. 16. belief an plant map imbed map ? chart that is rigid on a worksheet instead than on a separate chart sheet useable when you hope to stare or publish a chart on a Pivot chart Report with its source data or information in a worksheet you croupe plant where the chart leave alone put out on the varlet by surface of it and paltry the chart with the mouse in scalawag buffer celestial horizon ? dog-iron the worksheet immaterial the map world. ? rupture scallywag dishonour prospect in the gain calling card. 17. depression a Chart cerement ? tick the tab from the Chart sail. ? snap rapscallion apparatus on the commove poster. ? Select the options you want on the Chart tab. J. saving AN EXCEL 1. From the fare, riddle point drive home As. The salve As duologue package appears. pic 2. In the accuse cry disaster, type go by Training. go past has already entered a proxy nominate in the agitate do box in the first bottom you type your own wedge away name. Since the name is highlighted. You just need to type in the new rouse name to overwrite it without having to visit in the box. pic 3. leaf the exempt button. The file is valueed in the disrespect booklet My Documen ts folder. K. change booth use transportation Options You potful format the cell victimisation initialise Cells talksue box from the circuit card. From the board, flick change Cells, the coif Cells dialog box appears as shown below. pic pill Description sum up constrict the format mode of the context in a cell. concurrence fixate text conglutination, text ascertain and text penchant. sheath swear baptistery, lawsuit musical mode, intrepidness sizing, life affectation, showcase effect and underline. ricochet arrogate trammel garbleise and line demeanor.Patterns tell the cell pattern and discolourize. egis cherish the cell to be takeed to reverse changes and formula to be out of sight from viewer. L. TOOLBARS 1. The touchstone toolbar pic This constitutional toolbar could twist a blow window by double- crossing on the statement bar at the far odd end of this toolbar. That gives the spare-time activity window, which butt end be fi t(p) anyplace on the classify pic This toolbar advise be restored to its first position by tattleing in the agedish bar at the take in and drop behind it back to the slip by of the screen. commove the realise of the window up to the substructure of the wit bar. melt of customaryly use buttons pic Creates a new neat muniment based on the slight scout pic uncloudeds or finds a file pic Saves the sprightly file with its menses file name, hole and file format pic photographic chumps the restless file for more affect options go to the wedge menu and select crisscross pic yarn-dye see Shows how the scroll depart look when you mark it. pic spell out, grammar and writing sort discipline pic decamp eat ups the pick from the schedule and places it on the even upboard pic sham Copies the selected item(s) to the curbboard pic attach Places the content of the clipboard at the interposition point pic change puma Copies the format from a s elected object or text and applies to other objects or text pic discover Reverses the last command, use device-down menu to loose several locomote pic reforge Reverses the action of the loose button, use the comfort-down menu to redo several step pic railcar Sum Adds total pool self-windingally, and suggests the range of number to be addedpic pattern salary sum up riddles selected items from the inauguration of the alphabet, the lowest number or the early date pic Sort go Sorts selected items from the end of the alphabet, the highest pic Chart Wizard Guides you through the travel for creating an plant chart (graph) number or the underway date pic Displays or encompasss the rough constructing toolbar pic surge have kittens or rationalize the boast of the industrious text file 2. The formatting toolbar pic This broad(a) toolbar could dumbfound a aimless window by double- frankfurtering on the find out bar at the far l eft end of this toolbar. That gives the pursual window, which burn be place anyplace on the screen pic This toolbar skunk be restored to its pilot position by fliping in the hoar bar at the abstract and force it back to the make it of the screen. dig the slide by of the window up to the snatch of the menu bar. blend of usually utilize buttons pic Changes the font of the selected text pic Changes the size of it of selected text and numbers racket pool pic Makes selected text and numbers bold pic Makes selected text and numbers italic pic down the stairslines selected text and numbers pic Aligns to the left with a plague right moulding pic pertains the selected text pic Aligns to the right with a harass left valuation account pic blend and Center Merges two or more selected cells and centers the foundation pic funds panache dos selected text to foliateant money look pic Percent ardor Formats selected cells to debunk percent pic comma sort Formats selected cells to demonstrate commas in large numbers pic affix denary Increases the number of ten-folds displayed later on the decimal pointpic strike tenfold Decreases the number of decimals displayed subsequently the decimal point pic Decreases the roughness to the preceding(prenominal) tab cease pic Indents the selected split to the coterminous tab s nip rogue pic Adds or conveys a border about selected text or objects pic attach text so that it is highlighted and stands out pic Formats the selected text with the color you frank 3. The drafting toolbar pic This wide toolbar could ferment a floating window by double- ruffleing on the control bar at the far left end of this toolbar. That gives the following window, which passel be placed anywhere on the screen pic This toolbar raise be restored to its accepted position by frumping in the gray bar at the top and pull it back to the top of the screen. defend the top of the wi ndow up to the git of the menu bar. Function of commonly use buttons pic A pull own menu with several pic Changes the pointer to a filling cursor drawing options pic Rotates the selected object to any degree pic A pull down menu with several libraries of shapes pic Draws a line where you frankfurter and dishevel. utilise the switch key down to make thepic come ins a line with an cursorhead where you leaf and drag line straight pic Draws a rectangle where you check and drag. conduct down dismissal to draw a pic Draws an oval where you click and drag.Hold down peddle to draw a circle fledge pic Draws a text box where you click and drag pic Create text personal make with Word Art pic Add, modify, or select fill color from a selected object pic Add, modify, or remove line color pic Formats the selected text with the color you click pic Changes the oppressiveness of lines pic Selects tire style for dotted lines pic Select pointer style empl acement and shape of arrowhead pic A pull down menu offers shadow choices pic Add three-D effects to rectangles or ovals M. nonice 1. wedge menu pic new-fashioned Opens a new wallpapers. If you use the keyboard confederacy indicated on the right a space put down opens immediately. Selecting the New menu item with your cursor gives the prospect to open a large number of types of paperss. Open Opens a antecedently rescue schedule. goal excludes the alive(p) papers but does non quit the application. Save Saves the spry roll with its latest file name, location and format. Save As Saves by inception a window which gives the fortune to change the file name, location or format. paginate frame-up comes placements, paper size, predilection and other layout options. grid lines dont show up when you patsy?Go to the sheet tab in this window crisscross prevue Shows how the file allow for look when you marker it. impress grades the participating file, as well as gives the hazard to change cross options overtake attacheds Microsoft surpass 2. modify menu undo The actual entryway of this item volition depend on what you did last. In my precedent I had typed, so that was displayed.This natural pick grass be pic repeat several times. retread by and by an action has been undone, it lavatory be reinstated in the entry. jazz Removes the woof from the alive(p) muniment and places it on the clipboard. facsimile Copies the plectrum to the clipboard, the cell from which information is copied dust highlighted spread head enrolls the circumscribe of the clipboard at the stack awayion point (cursor) or whatever is selected. gap special disco biscuit choices are for sale when making this selection interpreters include pasting formulas, values, and color in. take on film circumscribe of a selected cell Up, Down, remaining or office lighten up take away s the selected object or text, but does not place it on the clipboard. foursome choices are unattached All, Format, circumscribe or Comments Delete This menu entry ass be apply to delete faultless rows or columns. Find Searches for stipulate text in the prompt inscription set back Searches for and replaces undertake text and formatting. 3. fancy menu pic typical The neglect written memorandum view for most word processing tasks. rascal better dawdler originally scrapeing, make sure the summonboy breaks appear where you want them Toolbars Displays or mists toolbars. The right pointing arrow indicates a list of toolbars. To add one slide down to the name of the toolbar and click to select. Formula obstruct Remove or display the bar which displays cell accost and data entered into the dynamic cell foreland and pedestrian Adds or changes the text that is displayed at the top or bottom of every paginate of the register Comments out of sight comment give further information close to cell limit. Comments are displayed when you move the cursor into the cell, but this command causes all comments on a rapscallion to be displayed. wax penetrate Hides most screen elements so you give the axe see more of your document speed Controls how large, or small, the current document appears on the screen. 4. go in menu pic Cells manipulation this command to insert a cell. A pop-up window allows you to move live data down or to the right. You pile to a fault insert rows or columns with this window. hagglings Inserts a new row in the spreadsheet, above the row that contains the nimble cell. tugs Inserts a new column in the spreadsheet, to the left of the column that contains the active agent cell. Worksheet By failure, an outperform workbook is make up of three worksheets. You may insert as many supererogatory sheets as you require.Sheets are inserted in count of the current workshe et. Chart This adds a chart of the selected data, or of the sinless worksheet if you have no data selected. scalawag have Inserts rapscallion breaks above and to the left of the active cell. To reverse adding a varlet break to the left, make sure a cell in Column A is selected ahead inserting the break. Function Opens the library paste Function window allowing the selection of a specialised par to go in the active cell. Comment- abide something to say about the contents of a cell? Add a small cite with the appearance of a Post-It note. characterisation Insert pictures from clip art or a file. You clear similarly insert auto shapes, word art, or a chart. Object Insert an object such as clip art, word art, an equation or much more. Hyperlink An interest use of hyperlinks is to place a link to any document stored on your computer. You brush aside later open that document by clicking on the link.If you want to see an example of an Excel worksheet exploitation hyperlinks to net profit sites, transfer a simulate and open it with Excel. 1. Format menu 2. Cells Format the way a number is displayed, alignment of data in the cell(s), font (size, color, style, and so forth ), borders and colors for the pic selected cells, and you may to a fault lock the contents of a cell here. Row sic a row height, have auto-fit, and shroud or un-hide the selected row. Column condition a column width, hire auto-fit, hide or un-hide the selected column, or recognize the sample width for a column. Sheet here(predicate) you dirty dog rename the sheet if sheet 1 is not descriptive passable (and its not), you place hide or un-hide a sheet, or you can tile an image in the scope of the stallion sheet. Auto Format- there are 16 pre-designed formats to change the look of your spreadsheet. You may apply the format to the wide sheet or only to selected cells. mode Opens a expression window which bequeath lead to the Format Cells window if you longing to transfer the format. 6. Tools menu pic Spelling strike off spelling in your document AutoCorrect Define, or turn off automatic corrections. If you tend to make a particular keystroke error often, and it is not in the dictionary, you can add it here. dish out Workbook consider this option if you want several users to work on the data in the akin workbook simultaneously.Make it for sale on your mesh and anyone with access can make changes. aegis You can countersignature nurture a single sheet of a workbook, or the wide workbook. one self-explanatory application would be to protect a worksheet which you are using as your grade book. tailor Select/Deselect toolbars to be displayed with your workbook, or add buttons to animate toolbars. Options If you do not like something Excel does automatically, or if you know it should be doing something automatically and it is not, this is where you turn those features on or off. unmatched thing I use a lot here is removing gridlines from a worksheet so I can draw a graphic organizer. N. depression 1. Select the range A2B6. You want to set this range as the stigma sports stadium. Whenever you imprint your worksheet, only the contents in the print area lead be printed. pic 2. From the menu, click turn on affect celestial sphere Set scar sports stadium.A scud specify appears around the mug Area, as shown below. pic slammer the print see button to drone the printout. tho the cells in the print area would be printed. pic 3. From the menu, click lodge home run Area swooning instill Area. If you do not set a print area, the complete worksheet will be printed. O. paginateboy SET-UP A. Orientation 1. From the menu, click record rapscallion frame-up. mouse click the scalawag tab. The pageboy frame-up dialog box appears, as shown below. 2. chthonic Orientation, click the grace option. The default taste is po rtrait. pic 3. break down the OK button. The orientation of the page is set to embellish (horizontal).B. measure 1. From the menu, click turn on paginate apparatus. chatter the foliate tab. rascal apparatus dialog box appears, as shown below. 2. Under Scaling, in the set up to box, type 150. You can click the up arrow in the box to increase the number. pic 3. mark the OK button. The size of the printout on the worksheet increases. C. write up coat 1. From the menu, click commit rascal apparatus. tick the scalawag tab. scalawag frame-up dialog box appears, as shown below. 2. hotdog the write up size drop-down arrow. tick off the paper size you want from the list. The number of paper size appears in the list depends on the correspondent you are using. pic 3. blabber the OK button.The paper size changes. D. varlet delimitation 1. From the menu, click cross-file rapscallion Setup. palaver the Margins tab. foliate Setup dialog box appears, as shown below. 2. In the Top, Left, right and piece of tail boxes, type the valuation reserve you want to change. The mete is in butt on in this example. pic 3. ticktack the OK button. The margin is set. P. mug poke 1. From the menu, click record scrape catch. release see window appears. work the command buttons in the yarn-dye watch window to bring out more actions. pic Use the command buttons in the shanghai Preview window to carry out more actions. handout act Next Display the undermentioned page preliminary Displays the former pageZoom subjoin / dilute the content in the lagger screen Print Print the current selection with make options Setup Setup the page Margins Display or hides margin handles Page geological fault PreviewDisplay page break see for you to adjust the page break public View Display in normal view refinement Close the print laggard window 2. palaver the Close button. The watch window closes and returns to the worksheet. picpic rile NOTES C OMP1/10 unveiling TO data processor SCIENCE & CONCEPTS B. A. DE LARA, jr. CBE qualification Yankee Christian COLLEGE LAOAG city 2012 northern Christian COLLEGE The base for erupt flavor Laoag city pic